Osteoporosis is a disease where bone density is lost, and the risk of breaking bones (fractures) increases. Fragility fractures occur in osteoporosis and are fractures that occur following a fall from standing height or less or with no trauma. The most common sites of fragility fracture are the spine (vertebral compression fractures), hip, and wrist. Fragility fractures also occur at the humerus, rib, and pelvis. One of the most serious types of fracture that can occur in osteoporosis is a hip fracture, which can occur as a result of a fall. There were an estimated nine million osteoporotic fractures worldwide in 2000.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has also defined osteoporosis based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan measurements. As your bone density decreases, your risk of fracture increases. Your bone density is commonly expressed as a "T-score." A T-score that is equal to or less than -2.5 is consistent with a diagnosis of osteoporosis, a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is classified as low bone mass (osteopenia), and a T-score of -1.0 or higher is normal.
Factors that can increase the risk of osteoporosis include:
Often referred to as a 'silent' disease, osteoporosis typically does not present any noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. The lack of early warning signs makes osteoporosis particularly dangerous, as bone loss can progress unnoticed until the bones become so fragile that a minor fall, or even normal activities like bending over or coughing, can lead to a fracture.
However, in some cases, subtle signs may indicate the onset of osteoporosis. These could include back pain due to a fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, or a bone that breaks more easily than expected.
Despite the stealthy nature of this disease, it is possible to identify and manage it effectively with timely screening. The following groups are recommended to get screened for osteoporosis:
Early detection and treatment can significantly decrease the risk of serious fractures, and help slow its progression. A bone density test, also known as a DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan, can decrease the risk of serious fractures and slow bone loss if treatment is initiated. This procedure uses low-dose X-rays to measure bone mineral density and predict the risk of future fractures. By detecting osteoporosis early, treatment can begin sooner, improving bone health and reducing the risk of fractures.
We will arrange a DEXA scan, which takes around 20 minutes. The T-score from the DEXA scan can be used to confirm whether you have osteoporosis or not. Your risk factor for getting a fracture can then be calculated using a special tool called the FRAX SCORE (https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX).
As osteoporosis is a ‘silent disease’, early detection is key to slow its progress. Make
an appointment at 6253 7111 for a prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Building strong bones and lowering the risk of osteoporosis starts with healthy habits from a younger age. These include:
While rebuilding bone back to its pre-osteoporosis state is not possible, treatments can improve bone mineral density and general bone health. This can be achieved through certain medications, a diet high in calcium and vitamin D, and regular weight-bearing exercise.
If you choose not to take medications for diagnosed osteoporosis, it is likely that your bones will continue to weaken, and increase the risk of a fracture down the road. Nonetheless, you should speak to a doctor to understand your individual risk level and prognosis better.
Osteoporosis does not have a cure, but it can be effectively managed. Treatment aims to strengthen bones, prevent fractures, and minimise disease progression through a combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and regular monitoring.
People suffering from osteoporosis rarely notice any symptoms during its early stages, which is why osteoporosis is labelled as a ‘silent disease’. However, early detection is key to slow its progress and prevent complications. Visit an orthopaedic doctor today to get screened and receive necessary osteoporosis treatment.
Mount Elizabeth Novena
Specialist Centre
#05-24, 38 Irrawaddy Road, Singapore 329563
Farrer Park Hospital
Connexion, #08-20, 1 Farrer Park Station Road, Singapore 217562
| Tel | : | 6253 7111 |
| Fax | : | 6253 2773 |
| : | (65) 8838 7111 |
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